Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of <i>Warburgia ugandensis</i>

Lemeitaron Njenga; Kiplagat Ayabei; Teresa Akenga; Zipporah Onyambu; Jackson Kiptoo; Martin Onani

doi:doi:10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12

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Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis

Lemeitaron Njenga, Kiplagat Ayabei, Teresa Akenga, Zipporah Onyambu, Jackson Kiptoo, Martin Onani

Published in American Journal of Nano Research and Applications (Volume 11, Issue 1)

Received: 7 July 2023 Accepted: 22 July 2023 Published: 31 July 2023

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Abstract

This work reports for the first time the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using leaf extracts of Warburgia ugandensis as encapsulating, stabilizing, and reducing agent. The green method of synthesis proved easy and less costly. The methanolic extracts contained various secondary metabolites as analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The nanoparticles (NPs) were further characterized for the confirmation of their synthesis using various techniques. Ultra violet-Visible spectrometer (UV-vis) confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnO NPs and CuO NPs with a maximum peak at 367 nm and 307.5 nm, respectively. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO NPs and monoclinic structures of CuO NPs with an average size of 21.2 nm and 12.86 nm, respectively. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed the presence of various functional groups responsible for the formation of the nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the formulated nanoparticles was also investigated against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial strains with ZOI (Zones of Inhibition) measured in mm. The green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles using Warburgia ugandensis leaf extracts significantly revealed higher anti-bacterial potentials against E. coli (9.6 ± 0.9 mm) compared to both CuO NPs and ampicillin. This shows that they can be applied in the field of medicine to develop antibacterial agents to treat various ailments.

Published in	American Journal of Nano Research and Applications (Volume 11, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12
Page(s)	10-18
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Zinc Oxide, Nanoparticles, Copper Oxide, Warburgia ugandensis, Anti-Bacterial Activities, Green Synthesis

References

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Lemeitaron Njenga, Kiplagat Ayabei, Teresa Akenga, Zipporah Onyambu, Jackson Kiptoo, et al. (2023). Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis. American Journal of Nano Research and Applications, 11(1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12

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Lemeitaron Njenga; Kiplagat Ayabei; Teresa Akenga; Zipporah Onyambu; Jackson Kiptoo, et al. Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis. Am. J. Nano Res. Appl. 2023, 11(1), 10-18. doi: 10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12

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AMA Style

Lemeitaron Njenga, Kiplagat Ayabei, Teresa Akenga, Zipporah Onyambu, Jackson Kiptoo, et al. Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis. Am J Nano Res Appl. 2023;11(1):10-18. doi: 10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12

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@article{10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12,
  author = {Lemeitaron Njenga and Kiplagat Ayabei and Teresa Akenga and Zipporah Onyambu and Jackson Kiptoo and Martin Onani},
  title = {Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis},
  journal = {American Journal of Nano Research and Applications},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {10-18},
  doi = {10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.nano.20231101.12},
  abstract = {This work reports for the first time the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using leaf extracts of Warburgia ugandensis as encapsulating, stabilizing, and reducing agent. The green method of synthesis proved easy and less costly. The methanolic extracts contained various secondary metabolites as analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The nanoparticles (NPs) were further characterized for the confirmation of their synthesis using various techniques. Ultra violet-Visible spectrometer (UV-vis) confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnO NPs and CuO NPs with a maximum peak at 367 nm and 307.5 nm, respectively. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO NPs and monoclinic structures of CuO NPs with an average size of 21.2 nm and 12.86 nm, respectively. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed the presence of various functional groups responsible for the formation of the nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the formulated nanoparticles was also investigated against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial strains with ZOI (Zones of Inhibition) measured in mm. The green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles using Warburgia ugandensis leaf extracts significantly revealed higher anti-bacterial potentials against E. coli (9.6 ± 0.9 mm) compared to both CuO NPs and ampicillin. This shows that they can be applied in the field of medicine to develop antibacterial agents to treat various ailments.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis
AU - Lemeitaron Njenga
AU - Kiplagat Ayabei
AU - Teresa Akenga
AU - Zipporah Onyambu
AU - Jackson Kiptoo
AU - Martin Onani
Y1 - 2023/07/31
PY - 2023
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12
DO - 10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12
T2 - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
JF - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
JO - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
SP - 10
EP - 18
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2575-3738
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12
AB - This work reports for the first time the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using leaf extracts of Warburgia ugandensis as encapsulating, stabilizing, and reducing agent. The green method of synthesis proved easy and less costly. The methanolic extracts contained various secondary metabolites as analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The nanoparticles (NPs) were further characterized for the confirmation of their synthesis using various techniques. Ultra violet-Visible spectrometer (UV-vis) confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnO NPs and CuO NPs with a maximum peak at 367 nm and 307.5 nm, respectively. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO NPs and monoclinic structures of CuO NPs with an average size of 21.2 nm and 12.86 nm, respectively. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed the presence of various functional groups responsible for the formation of the nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the formulated nanoparticles was also investigated against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial strains with ZOI (Zones of Inhibition) measured in mm. The green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles using Warburgia ugandensis leaf extracts significantly revealed higher anti-bacterial potentials against E. coli (9.6 ± 0.9 mm) compared to both CuO NPs and ampicillin. This shows that they can be applied in the field of medicine to develop antibacterial agents to treat various ailments.
VL - 11
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Lemeitaron Njenga

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
Kiplagat Ayabei

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
Teresa Akenga

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
Zipporah Onyambu

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
Jackson Kiptoo

Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
Martin Onani

Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa

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Lemeitaron Njenga, Kiplagat Ayabei, Teresa Akenga, Zipporah Onyambu, Jackson Kiptoo, et al. (2023). Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis. American Journal of Nano Research and Applications, 11(1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12

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Lemeitaron Njenga; Kiplagat Ayabei; Teresa Akenga; Zipporah Onyambu; Jackson Kiptoo, et al. Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis. Am. J. Nano Res. Appl. 2023, 11(1), 10-18. doi: 10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12

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AMA Style

Lemeitaron Njenga, Kiplagat Ayabei, Teresa Akenga, Zipporah Onyambu, Jackson Kiptoo, et al. Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis. Am J Nano Res Appl. 2023;11(1):10-18. doi: 10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12

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@article{10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12,
  author = {Lemeitaron Njenga and Kiplagat Ayabei and Teresa Akenga and Zipporah Onyambu and Jackson Kiptoo and Martin Onani},
  title = {Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis},
  journal = {American Journal of Nano Research and Applications},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {10-18},
  doi = {10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.nano.20231101.12},
  abstract = {This work reports for the first time the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using leaf extracts of Warburgia ugandensis as encapsulating, stabilizing, and reducing agent. The green method of synthesis proved easy and less costly. The methanolic extracts contained various secondary metabolites as analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The nanoparticles (NPs) were further characterized for the confirmation of their synthesis using various techniques. Ultra violet-Visible spectrometer (UV-vis) confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnO NPs and CuO NPs with a maximum peak at 367 nm and 307.5 nm, respectively. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO NPs and monoclinic structures of CuO NPs with an average size of 21.2 nm and 12.86 nm, respectively. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed the presence of various functional groups responsible for the formation of the nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the formulated nanoparticles was also investigated against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial strains with ZOI (Zones of Inhibition) measured in mm. The green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles using Warburgia ugandensis leaf extracts significantly revealed higher anti-bacterial potentials against E. coli (9.6 ± 0.9 mm) compared to both CuO NPs and ampicillin. This shows that they can be applied in the field of medicine to develop antibacterial agents to treat various ailments.},
 year = {2023}
}

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